Picture Exchange Communication System Program

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a widely used alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) system designed to assist individuals with communication challenges, particularly those with autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities. Developed by Andy Bondy and Lori Frost in the 1980s, PECS employs a systematic approach using pictures or symbols to facilitate communication. Here's an overview of how PECS works:

1. Communication through Pictures: PECS is based on the idea that individuals with communication difficulties can use pictures or symbols to express their needs, desires, and thoughts. These pictures are typically stored on communication cards or within a communication book.

2. Phased Approach: PECS is divided into several phases, each designed to teach different communication skills progressively. The specific number of phases can vary, but the core phases typically include:

• Phase I - "Initiation": In this phase, the individual learns to initiate communication by exchanging a single picture card with a communication partner (usually a therapist or caregiver) in exchange for a desired item or activity.
• Phase II - "Requesting": In this phase, the individual learns to expand their communication by making requests using multiple picture cards. They learn to construct simple sentences or phrases by selecting and presenting the appropriate cards.
• Phase III - "Responsive": In this phase, the individual begins to respond to questions or prompts from communication partners by selecting relevant picture cards from their communication system.
• Phase IV - "Commenting": In this phase, the individual learns to make comments and share information with others by using picture cards. This phase focuses on developing social communication skills.

3. Visual Support: PECS provides individuals with a visual support system that allows them to communicate effectively. Communication partners help the individual find and use the appropriate picture cards to express themselves.

4. Flexibility and Customization: PECS can be customized to suit the specific needs and preferences of each individual. Picture cards can be created for a wide range of items, actions, and concepts that are relevant to the person's life.

5. Promoting Spontaneous Communication: One of the key goals of PECS is to encourage spontaneous communication. Over time, individuals using PECS may transition to using speech or other forms of communication as they become more proficient in expressing themselves.

6. Implementation by Professionals: PECS is often introduced and implemented by trained speech-language pathologists, special educators, or therapists. These professionals work closely with the individual and their caregivers to ensure effective communication development.

7. Generalization and Maintenance: PECS emphasizes the generalization of communication skills across various settings and with different communication partners. Maintenance strategies are used to ensure that the individual continues to use and build upon their communication skills.

PECS has been widely adopted in educational and therapeutic settings and has been successful in helping individuals with communication challenges achieve greater independence and social interaction. It is recognized as an evidence-based practice in the field of autism and communication disorders.